T-SQL: Retrieve all users and associated roles for ALL databases

A frequent inquiry concerning databases’ security is to retrieve the database role(s) associated with each user for auditing or troubleshooting purposes.

Each database user (principal) can be retrieved from sys.database_principals and the associated database roles can be retrieved from sys.database_role_members

The following code runs against ALL the databases using SP_MSForeachdb and all roles for one principal is concatenated in one row

DECLARE @DB_USers TABLE
(DBName sysname, UserName sysname, LoginType sysname, AssociatedRole varchar(max),create_date datetime,modify_date datetime)
INSERT @DB_USers
EXEC sp_MSforeachdb
‘
use [?]
SELECT ”?” AS DB_Name,
case prin.name when ”dbo” then prin.name + ” (”+ (select SUSER_SNAME(owner_sid) from master.sys.databases where name =”?”) + ”)” else prin.name end AS UserName,
prin.type_desc AS LoginType,
isnull(USER_NAME(mem.role_principal_id),””) AS AssociatedRole ,create_date,modify_date
FROM sys.database_principals prin
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.database_role_members mem ON prin.principal_id=mem.member_principal_id
WHERE prin.sid IS NOT NULL and prin.sid NOT IN (0x00) and
prin.is_fixed_role <> 1 AND prin.name NOT LIKE ”##%”’
SELECT
dbname,username ,logintype ,create_date ,modify_date ,
STUFF(
(
SELECT ‘,’ + CONVERT(VARCHAR(500),associatedrole)
FROM @DB_USers user2
WHERE
user1.DBName=user2.DBName AND user1.UserName=user2.UserName
FOR XML PATH(”)
)
,1,1,”) AS Permissions_user
FROM @DB_USers user1
GROUP BY
dbname,username ,logintype ,create_date ,modify_date
ORDER BY DBName,username

The code applies few filters:

– No Guest user account; you should NOT enable a guest account for a production database.

– Skip fixed database roles such as DB_OWNER , db_datawriter,db_datareader,….etc

– Principals with NULL SID ; those are internal to the DB such as INFORMATION_SCHEMA & sys

Remarks

– SYSADMINS don’t need to be part of explicit database’s users list to gain access as they have access to everything on server. You can get list of SYSADMIN users by running following code

SELECT
p.name AS [Name] ,r.type_desc,r.is_disabled,r.create_date , r.modify_date,r.default_database_name
FROM
sys.server_principals r
INNER JOIN sys.server_role_members m ON r.principal_id = m.role_principal_id
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals p ON
p.principal_id = m.member_principal_id
WHERE r.type = ‘R’ and r.name = N’sysadmin’

– If a windows login is part of a windows group then you may need to look at the members of this Windows group to identify who can access this database.

– A user may still be revoked access to database indvidual objects even the role allows access normally.

Following blog has a query to list permissions on indvidual objects

https://consultingblogs.emc.com/jamiethomson/archive/2007/02/09/SQL-Server-2005_3A00_-View-all-permissions–_2800_2_2900_.aspx

HTH
M